Gender Discrimination at Work Place: A Case Study on Education Sector of Pakistan.
Author(s)
Rabia Mian , Muqqadas Rehman , Chaudhry Abdul Rehman ,
Download Full PDF Pages: 104-113 | Views: 352 | Downloads: 93 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3466538
Abstract
The paper explores the existence of the gender discrimination at work place in education sector of Pakistan and how work place environment effects the gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is a fact of our culture but it’s varying from society to society in Pakistan. To determine the factor of the gender discrimination, semi structured interview has been used for data collection. Nvivo software has been used to transcribe the data and identify the themes through thematic analysis. However, results indicated that politics found in every department of the organizations whether it’s public or private but did not find more discrimination. It’s found up to some extent in the education sector. Basically this study indicated that in this globalization era women are not discriminated at work places.
Keywords
gender discrimination, work place, culture.
References
- Amnesty International, (1995). “Women in Pakistan. Disadvantaged & Denied their Rights”, USA.
- Anderson, (1988). “Thinking about women”, 2nd Ed. McMillan, New York.
- Alam, A. (2010), “Impact of gender discrimination on gender development and poverty alleviation “. Sarhad J. Agric. 27(2): 329-339
- Alam, A. (2011), "Impact of gender discrimination on gender development and poverty alleviation" .Sarhad J. Agric., 27(2).
- Alam, a. (2002), “Impact of gender discrimination on gender development and poverty alevation” .Sarhad J. Agric., 27(2).
- AZRA ASGHAR ALI, (2004), “Development of gender consciousness in Pakistan: The role of Urdu literature”. Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Sciences: Endangered and Engendered, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, p. 229.
- Bukhari, F. y., &Ramzan, D. M, (2013, jan- feb). “Gender Discrimination: A myth or truth women status in Pakistan”. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 8(2),88-97.
- Channar, Z. A. (2010), “Gender discrimination in work force through strictly floor and glass ceiling effect: A study of private and public organization of Pakistan”.
- CHRISS, CORRIN. (2004), “Gender analysis of conflict and Peace building.Proceedings of the International Conference Social Sciences”: Endangered and Engendered, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, pp. 136-161.
- Delavande, A., &Zafar, B. (2013), "Gender discrimination and social identity: Experimental evidence from urban Pakistan". staff report.
- EATZAZ, AHMAD, AMTUL, HAFEEZ. (2007),”Labor supply & earning functions of educated working women”. The Pakistan Development Review, pp. 45-62.
- ERIK, BIHAGEN, MARITA OHLS, (2006). “The glass ceiling-where is it? Women’s and men’s career prospects in the private vs. the public sector in Sweden 1979-2000”. The Sociological Review, Blackwell Publishing ltd., UK, pp. 20-47
- Erik, Bihagen.,MaritaOhls, (2006), “The glass ceiling-where is it? Women’s and men’s career prospects in the private vs. the public sector in Sweden 1979-2000”. The Sociological Review, 54(1), 20-47. GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN (1997- 98)
- Goleman, D. (1998), “Working with emotional intelligence” New York: Bantam Books DAVID, A.D. DE CENZO., STEPHEN, P. ROBBINS. (1998) Human Resource Management, 5th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 31-88.
- GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN (1997- 98), “Labor Force Survey: 1987-88 and 1997-98”. A report of Federal Bureau Statistics, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan.
- Habib, Zafarullah (2000), “Through the brick wall and the glass ceiling: women in the civil services in Bangladesh. Gender, Work and Organization”, 7(3), 197-209.
- Harris, M. (1980). “Culture, people, nature: An introduction to general anthropology”. Harper, New York.
- HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, (2003) “Gender Related Development Index”
- MUQADISSA, MEHREEN and HASSAN (2004), “Gender aspects and issues in Pakistan”. Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Sciences: Endangered and Engendered, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, pp. 114-134.
- Nilufer 1998, “Gender and poverty: Social development and poverty elimination” Working Paper Series.
- Jacobs, Jerry. Gender Inequality at Work. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 1995.
- John, M. Ivancevich (2004), “Human Resource Management” (9th edition). McGraw Hill, USA
- Khan, M. A (2008), “Organization culture and its impact on organization performance”.
- Oakley, A. (1972), “Sex, gender and society” .Harper and Row, New York.
- Salik, M., &Zhiyong, Z. (2014), "Gender Discrimination and Inequalities in Higher Education: A Case Study of Rural Areas of Pakistan". Academic Research International, 5(2).
- SALWA, ISMAIL (1998), “Confronting the other: identity, culture, politics, and conservative Islamism in Egypt”. International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2, May 1998. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 214.
- SHAH, PARVEEN, MEMON, RAJAB. A. (2004) “Socio-economic and demographic status of rural Women in Sindh”. Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Sciences: Endangered and Engendered, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, pp. 98-113.
- Snell, S. A., Lepak, D. P., &Youndt, M. A. (1999), “Managing the architecture of intellectual capital: Implications for strategic human resource management”. In M. A. Wright, L. D. Dyer, J. W. Boudreau, and G. T. Milkovich, Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, supplement 4, 175-193.
- Susan, Trentham., Laurie, Larwood (1998), “Gender discrimination and the workplace: an examination of rational bias theory, Sex Roles”. A Journal of Research, 38, 1-28.
- Uzma Shoukat (2004), “Literacy and women’s identity”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Sciences: Endangered and Engendered, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 84-96.
- RAYMOND, A. NOE., JOHN, R. HOLLEN. BECK. BERRY,GERHART, PATRICK, and M. WRIGHT (2004), “Fundamentals of Human Resource Management”, McGraw Hill, pp. 20-88.
- WAYNE, F. CASICO (1995), “Managing Human Resource, Productivity, Quality of work life, Profits”, McGraw hill Internationals, 4th ed. pp. 61-116