Analysis of Influence of Personality Factors on Entrepreneur Intentions among Students

Author(s)

Soomro Raheem Bux , Dr.Faheem Ghazanfar , Dr. Irfan Ali- ,

Download Full PDF Pages: 289-301 | Views: 394 | Downloads: 110 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3468717

Volume 5 - December 2016 (12)

Abstract

To foster an entrepreneurial spirit among uneducated and educated youth is the only solution of everincreasing unemployment among youth. This study was intended to investigate the relationship between BigFive Personality, demographic factors (as gender and family background) and entrepreneurship intention among university students. This study shows that university students’ extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness are very useful in understanding entrepreneurial intention among students. The sample of this study comprised of 230 final year students from two large departments of Shah Abdul Latif University (SALU), Khairpur, Pakistan. Participation in this study was on a voluntary basis. Results show among the big five personality factors, Conscientiousness (38%) is the strongest predictor than other predictor variables. This study indicates that only two demographic variables, i.e., gender and family background, where males are more inclined than females towards entrepreneurship. There is no support found to show the influence of family background on entrepreneurial intentions among students. Since entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial attitude are not totally inborn and education can refine them. Therefore, it is suggested that the universities can provide complete entrepreneurial education, and allow university students to have the opportunity to learn organizations of firms, market analysis, product development, fund raising and corporate operation before they enter the society.

Keywords

Entrepreneurship education; inclination towards entrepreneurship; demographic characteristics; family business background; university graduates. 

References

  1. Price, R. W. (2006). Mastering Entrepreneurship. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill.  
  2. Dennis, W. J. (1999). Business Starts and Stops. San Francisco: Wells Fargo; and Washington, Dc: National Federation of Independent Businesses Education Foundation.  
  3. (GEM), G. E. (2004). Executive Report. London: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, London.  
  4. Munir, N. (2012, April 16). http://tribune.com.pk/story/365205/entrepreneurship-opportunitycombining-two-bads-to-make-one-good/. Retrieved April 16, 2012, from http://tribune.com.pk: http://tribune.com.pk  
  5. CIA the world fact book, available at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworldfactbook/geos/pk.html,accessed on June 12, 2010.  
  6. Faria J. R., Cuestas J. C. &Mourelle E. Entrepreneurship, and Unemployment: nonlinear bidirectional causality? Discussion papers in economics 2008, No. 2008/6, ISSN 1478-9396, 1-33. Filippini P. Regional Unemployment Disparities: the Case of the Swiss Cantons 1998.  
  7. Parker, S. C. ( 2004). The Economics of Self-Employment and. Cambridge: University Press 
  8. Gallagher, C. C. (1986). Jobs and the Business Life-cycle in the U.K. Applied Economics , 18, 875-900.  Storey, David J. and Steve Johnson, 1987, Job Generation and Labour Market Change, London: MacMillan.  
  9. Konings &Jozef. Gross Job Flows and the Evolution of Size in U.K. Establishments, Small Business Economics 1995, 7, 213220.  
  10. Norman, Z. W. (2008). Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management (5th ed.). New  Dehli: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. India.  
  11. Gartner, W. (1985, October). A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation. Academy of Management Review, 10, 696-706.  
  12. Robinson et al. (1991). An attitude approach to predict the entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15(4), 13-30.  
  13. Costa, P.T. and R.R. McCrae (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: PAR.  
  14. Bird. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 50, 179-211  
  15. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1986). Personality in adulthood: A six-year longitudinal study of selfreports and spouse ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology., 54(5), 853-863.  
  16. Gatewood, R. D. (1998). Human Resource Selection (4th ed.). New York: The Dryden Press.  
  17. Goldberg, L. R. (1981). Language andindividual difference: The search foruniversals in personality lexicons. In L.Wheeler (Eds.), Review of personalityand social psychology, Beverly Hills:Sage, 141- 166.  
  18. Peabody, D. (1987). Selecting representative trait adjectives. Journal of personality and Social Psychology., 52, 59-71.  
  19. Rana, S. (2011, August 2). Labour Force Survey 2011: Official unemployment rate at 6%. Retrieved 9 24, 2012, from www.tribune.com.pk.  
  20. Marlow, s. (2002). Women and self-employment; a part of or a part from theoretical construct? International entrepreneurship and management journal., 3(2), 83-91.  
  21. Alam, K. (2012, January 4). http://tribune.com.pk/story/316196/entrepreneurship-men-hold-morepositive-attitude-than-women/. Retrieved September 26, 2012, from www.tribune.com.pk.  
  22. Hisrich, r. a. (1999). Women entrepreneurs in a developing economy. The journal of management development., 18(2), 114-25.  
  23. Moore, D. a. (1997). Female Entrepreneurs: Moving Beyond the Glass Ceiling. Thousand Oaks, CA. : Sage Publications.
  24. Farr-Wharton, R. a. ((2009)). Female Entrepreneurs as Managers - The Role of Social Capital in Facilitating a Learning Culture. Gender in Management: An nternational Journal., 24(1), 14-31.  
  25. Allen, s. a. (1993). Women in business: perspectives on women. london: Rutledge press.  
  26. Hashmi, R. (2011, March). www.saglobalaffairs.com. Retrieved September Threusday, 2012, from www.saglobalaffairs.com/special-features/840-women-and-entrepreneurship.html.  
  27. Buttner, E. H. (1993). Female entrepreneurs: How far have they come? Business Horizons, 36 (2), 59- 65.  
  28. Greene, C. L. (2006). Entreprenuership (Vol. India Edition). New Dehli: Cengage Learning India Private Limited.  
  29. Hisrich, R. D. (2005). Entrepreneurship (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Comanies.  
  30. Gabor, D. (1970). Innovations: Scientific, technical and social. Oxford: The University Press.  
  31. Anuradha Basu and M. Virick. "Assessing Entrepreneurial Intentions Amongst Students: A Comparative Study" National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance (2008): 79-86.  
  32. Franke, N. &. (2004). Entrepreneurail intentions of business students: a benchmark study. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management., 1(3), 269-288.  
  33. Carland, J. a. (1991). An empirical investigation into the distinctions between male and female entrepreneurs and managers. International Small Business Journal , 9(3), 62–72.  
  34. Dyer. (1994). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial careers. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 19, 7–21.  
  35. Cliff, J. &. (2003). The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: towards a family embeddedness perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 573-596.  
  36. Shapero, A. S. (1982.). Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In: Kent, C., Sexton, D. . In The Encyclopaedia of Entrepreneurship. Prectice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.  
  37. Fay, M. &. (1993). Gender bias and the availability of business loans. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 8, 363–376.  
  38. Griffin, R. W. (2005). Organizational Behaviour: Managing People and Organizations, 7th Edition (Indian Adaptation). New Delhi: Biztantra.  
  39. Zhao, H. &. (2006). The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259-271.  
  40. Zhao, H. S. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology. , 90(6), 1265–1272 .  
  41. Digman, J. M. (1990), “Personality structure: emergence of the five-factor model,”Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 41, pp.417-40.  
  42. Goldberg, L. R. (1992), “The development markers for the big-five factor structure,”Psychological Assessment, Vol. 4 No.1, pp. 26-42.
  43. McCrae, R. R., and Costa, P.T. Jr. (2003), Personality in Adulthood: A Five-Factor Theory Perspective, 2nd Ed., Guilford, New York, NY.  
  44. Norman, W. T. (1963), “Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings,” Journal of Abnormaland Social Psychology, Vol. 66 No.6, pp. 574-83.  
  45. Judge, T.A, Higgins, C.A., Thoresen, C.J., Barrick, M.R., (1999). The Big Five personality traits, general mental ability, and career success across the life span. Pers. Psychol., 52, 621–652.  
  46. Hao, Z., & Seibert, S. (2006). he Big Five Personality Dimensions and Entrepreneurial Status:A MetaAnalytical Review. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 91( No. 2), 259–271.  
  47. MacMillan, I., Siegel, R., & Subba Narasimha, P. (1985). Criteria used by venture capitalists to evaluate new venture proposals. J. Bus. Venturing(Issue 1), 119–128.  
  48. Vesper, K. (1990). New Venture Strategies. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall.  
  49. John, O. P., and Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In Handbook of personality: Theory and research. (In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.)., pp. 102–138.). New York: Guilford Press.  
  50. Liñán, F., and Chen, Y.W. (2006). Testing the entrepreneurial intention model on a two country sample. Document de Treball d’economia dell’empresa, 37.  
  51. John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (Vol. 2, pp. 102–138). New York: Guilford Press.  
  52. Garson, D. (2002). Guide to writing empirical papers, theses, and dissertations. CRC Press.  
  53. Nunnally, J.C., & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.  
  54. Brush, C. G. (1992). Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective andfuture directions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 16, No. 4, 5–30.  
  55. Fay, M., & Williams, L. (1993). Gender bias and the availability of business loans. Journal ofBusiness Venturing, Vol.8, pp.363–376.  
  56. Costa P., McCrae R, Holland, J.L. (1984). Personality and vocational interests in an adultsample. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69: 390-400.  
  57. Goldberg L. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five-Factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4: 26-42.  
  58. Singh, G. & De Noble, A. (2003). Views on self-employment and personality: An exploratory study. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 8(3), 265-281.  
  59. Costa, McCrae & Holland. (1984). Personality and vocational interests in an adult sample, Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(3), 390-400.  
  60. Ciavarella, M. A., Buchholtz. A. K., Riordan, C. M., Gatewood, R. D. and Stokes, G. S. (2004): The Big Five and venture survival: Is there a linkage? Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 465-483.
  61. Carr, J.C. & Sequeira, J.M. (2007), Prior family business exposure as intergenerationalinfluence and entrepreneurial intent: A theory of Planned Behavior approach, Journal ofBusiness Research, Vol. 60, pp.1090-1098.  
  62. Aldrich, H.E. & Cliff, J.E. (2003), The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: towardsa family embeddedness perspective, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 18, pp. 573-596.

Cite this Article: