Early Warning Conflict Prevention: A Necessity for Peaceful Coexistence
Author(s)
Download Full PDF Pages: 01-09 | Views: 187 | Downloads: 72 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7867032
Abstract
Conflict early warning is supposed to identify and trigger actions to reduce the onset, duration, intensity, and effects of multiple violent conflicts. The study appraised early warning conflict prevention (EWCP) as a panacea for peaceful coexistence in Nigeria. In addition, various empirical literature on the relationship between early warning conflict prevention and peacebuilding was extensively reviewed. The findings from the review showed that the government should develop an effective relationship between early warning and early response to the conflict before violent conflict gets out of hands. Several lives could have been saved if the Nigerian government had been proactive and responded timely to the violent conflict that engulfed Nigeria in recent times, such as the Boko Haram insurgency, farmer-harder crisis, kidnapping for ransom, and militancy. In addition, oil theft, political violence, and banditry, amongst others, would have been averted if the government, politicians, various security agencies civil society organizations had adopted a solid and effective early warning conflict prevention and response mechanism that could have persevered the deadly and unquantifiable loss of lives and property, loss of revenue to government caused by violent conflict in Nigeria.
Keywords
Early Warning, early response, conflict prevention, peaceful, coexistence.
References
Akinsowon, F. I. (2021). Root Causes of Security Challenges in Nigeria and Solutions. International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research 9(4), 174-180.
Awoniyi, S. (2013). A discourse on religious conflict and tolerance in multi-faith Nigeria. European Scientific Journal. 9(20), 124-143.
Best, S. G. (2007). The methods of conflict resolution and transformation. In S. G. Best (Ed.), Introduction to peace and conflict studies in West Africa. Ibadan: Spectrum Book Ltd.
Best, S. G. (2008). Causes and effects of conflicts in Southern zone of Plateau state, Nigeria. Ibadan: John Archers Publishers Limited.
Boutros-Ghali, B. (1992). An agenda for peace: Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, and peacekeeping. United Nations: New York.
Boutros-Ghali, B. (1996). Challenges of preventive diplomacy: The role of the United Nations and its secretary general. In Kelvin M. Cahill (Ed.) Preventive diplomacy: Stopping wars before they start. New York: Basic Books and the Centre for International Health and Cooperation.
Burton, J. (1990). Conflict: Resolution and prevention. Canterbury: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Carment, D. Schnabel, A. (2003). Introduction Conflict prevention: A concept in search of a policy. In David Carment and Alberecht Schnabel (Eds.). Conflict prevention, the path to peace or grand illusion (pp. 8-16). Tokyo: The United Nations University Press.
Carroll, D. J. Rosati, J. A & Coate, R. A (1988). Human Needs Realism: A Critical Assessment of the Power of Human Needs in World Society, in The Power of Human Needs in World Society, ed. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 257-274.
Chinwokwu, E. C. (2013c). The challenges of conflict management in a democratic society: An overview of insecurity in Nigeria. American International Journal of Social Science. 2(3), 93-107.
Chinwokwu, E. C. (2015). Community-Based Early Warning in Conflict Management and Peace Building in Nigeria: An Analysis of Internal Security Issues. Journal of Culture, Society and Development 9, 3-17.
Eze, C. B. & Frimpong, O. B. (2021). Contributions Of Early Warning to The African Peace and Security Architecture: The Experience of The West Africa Network for Peacebuilding (WANEP). (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7
Faleti, S. A. (2006). Theories of social conflict. In Best, S. G (Ed.), Introduction to peace and conflict studies in West Africa. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.
Forum on Early Warning and Early Response (FEWER), (1999). Conflict and Peace Analysis andResponseManual.London.Availableat:https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/964C52BE84D0C7EC1256DE8003 75D28-FEWER_earlywarning_july1999. pdf. (Accessed: Nov 5 2022).
Gates, S, Nygård, HM, Strand, H & Urdal, H. (2016). Trends in armed conflict, 1946–2014, Conflict Trends, 1. Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). Available at: https://www.prio.org/publications/8937. (Accessed: Feb 14 2022).
Greenhill, KM & Major, S. (2006). The perils of profiling: Civil war spoilers and the collapse of intrastate peace accords. International Security, 31(3): 7–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2007.31.3.7
Ho-Won, J. (2008). Understanding Conflict and Conflict Analysis. Los Angeles: Sage.
Keyserlingk, N.V & Kopfmuller, S. (2006). Conflict Early Warning Systems Lessons Learned from Establishing a Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) in the Horn of Africa. www.gtz.de/en-igadconflict -early warning-systems-lessons-learned. accessed Nov 5 2022.
Kwaja, C.M.A. (2009). Strategies for rebuilding state capacity to manage ethnic and religious conflict in Nigeria. The Journal of Pan African Studies, 3 (3), 105-115.
Lederach, J.P. (1997). In building peace: Sustainable reconciliation in divided societies. Washington DC: US Institute of Peace Press.
Lund, M. (1994). Preventive diplomacy and American foreign policy: A guide for the post-cold war era. Washington DC: Institute of Security Studies.
Lund, M. (2002). Preventing violent interstate conflicts: Learning lessons from experience. In P. Van Tongeren, H, Vonde Veen & J. Verhoeven (Eds.). Searching for peace in Europe and Eurasia: An overview of conflict prevention and peace building activities: Lynr Reinner: Boulder Co.
Lund, M.S. (1996). Preventing violent conflicts: A strategy for preventive diplomacy, United States Institute of Peace Press.
Marwala, T. Lagazio, M. (2011). Militarized Conflict Modeling Using Computational Intelligence: Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. London: Springer-Verlag.
McNamee, T. Muyangwa, M. (2021). The State of Peacebuilding in Africa, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_1
Muggah, R & Whitlock, M. (2022). Reflections on the Evolution of Conflict Early Warning. Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, 10(1): 2, 1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.857
Munuera, G. (1994). Preventing armed conflict in Europe: Lessons learned from recent experience. Chaillot Paper 15-16.
Mwaûra, C., & Schmeidl, S. (2002). Early Warning and Conflict Management in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea: The Red Sea Press.
Nnamani, R. G. & Okpara, M. (2010). Gender, peace and conflict management in Nigeria. In Nnadozie, O. U (Ed.), Topical issues in Social Sciences. Enugu: Rek Books.
Okolie, O. (2009). National Security in Africa: A radical new perspective. Enugu: PACREP.
Our World in Data. (2021). War and Peace. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/ war-and-peace. (Last accessed: Nov 5 2022).
Stedman, S.J. (1997). Spoiler problems in peace processes. International Security, 22(2): 5–53. DOI: https://doi. org/10.2307/2539366
Stine, K. (2013). Internal evaluation: Participatory early warning for more effective response to religious conflict in Plateau State, Nigeria – A pilot project funded by USIP. Search for Common Ground. Retrieved from: https://www.sfcg.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/NGR_EV_Nov05_Participatory -Early-Warning-for-More-Effective-Response-to-Religious-Conflict-in-Plateau-State.pdf.
United Nations University Centre for Policy Research (UNUCPR), (2017). Civil War Trends and the Changing Nature of Armed Conflict. Available at: https:// collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:6156/ Civil_war_trends_UPDATED.pdf (Accessed: 5 Nov 2022).
Walter, B.F. (2002). Committing to Peace: The successful settlement of civil wars. Princeton University Press.
Cite this Article: