Birth Order Impact on Public and Private School Enrolment Rates in Pakistan
Author(s)
Hasnain Javed , Saba Fazal Firdousi , Dragana Ostic ,
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Abstract
Education is a basic human right of every individual it is a reflection of cultural identity and society at large. Education is one the most important factor that can make individually skilled, provide social justice, improve the standard of living or reduce inequalities which translate as leading factor to contribute towards sustainable growth. Therefore, education plays a key role in improving the social, political, cultural and economic conditions. Moreover, in today’s world education is divided between public and the private sector in both developed and developing countries. In a nutshell, the existing literature both theoretical and empirical provided significant evidence on the relationship between on average household size and educational attainments by using different methodologies and experiments in both the developed and developing world. This study will contribute in the existing literature by determining the impact of birth order on both public and private school enrolments at primary, secondary and high school level by using the most recent data set. As the existing literature on birth order in the context of Pakistan only provides evidence of primary school and secondary enrolments rates. Moreover, this study will not only focus on one province but provide evidence from all provinces. This paper conducts a household level analysis using PSLM (Pakistan Social Living standard Measurement) 2010-2011 data for observing the birth order impact on public and private school enrolments in rural and urban regions and four major provinces of Pakistan: Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Furthermore, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), probit model and logit model will be used in this paper for empirical estimations. The remaining paper is organized as follows. Section II discusses the data set and its summary statistics. Section III provides the theoretical framework for this study. Section IV will discuss the findings and implication. Lastly, Section V will conclude the study followed by limitations and policy recommendations
Keywords
Education, Public Schooling, Private Schooling, Birth Order and School Enrollment
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