An Investigation of Corporate Governance and Firm Performance after Revised Code 2012 in Pakistan

Author(s)

Shahbaz Tariq , Zeeshan Ur Rahman Awan , Raja Ased Azad Khan ,

Download Full PDF Pages: 19-30 | Views: 1603 | Downloads: 439 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3484352

Volume 7 - July 2018 (07)

Abstract

this study aims to examine the impact of corporate governance on the performance of listed firms after the adoption of a revised code of corporate governance (CCG) 2012 in Pakistan as main objective and recommend suitable corporate governance practices for improving the performance of the listed organization. To attain these objectives, in this study use return on equity and return on assets, as the key variables that defined the performance of the firm. Moreover, Board size, Board meetings and audit committee of the organization are used as variables to measure the corporate governance, also company size and firm age used as moderating variables. The data is comprised of the top 100 listed companies as the sample size for the sample period of 2013-2015. The data will be collected by using the secondary sources. According to the analysis, constructs of corporate governance significantly impact on a firm’s performance, and board size has a positive impact on a firm’s performance. However, meeting frequency and audit committee size has no impact on a firm’s performance

Keywords

Corporate Governance, Performance, Analysis, Code of Corporate Governance Pakistan

References

i.        Abbott, L. J., Parker, S., & Peters, G. F. (2002). Audit committee characteristics and financial misstatement: A study of the efficacy of certain blue ribbon committee recommendations. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.319125 

ii.   Aggarwal R, Isil E, Rene S, Rohan W (2007). “Do U.S. Firms Have the Best Corporate Governance? A Cross-Country Examination of the Relation between Corporate Governance and Shareholder Wealth”, NBER Working Paper 12819.

iii.    Al-Mamun, A., Yasser, Q. R., Rahman, M. A., Wickramasinghe, A., & Nathan, T. M. (2014). Relationship between audit committee characteristics, external auditors and economic value added (EVA) of public listed firms in Malaysia. Corporate Ownership & Control, 12(1), 899-910.

iv.     Anderson, Ronald C. and David M. Reeb (2003). “Founding Family Ownership and Firm Performance.” Journal of Finance. 58/3: 1301-1328.

v.       Anderson R, Mansi S, Reeb D (2004). Board characteristics, accounting report integrity and the cost of debt, J. Account. Econ., 37: 315-342.

vi.     Baysinger, B. & Butler, H. (1985). Corporate Governance and Board of Directors: Performance Effects of Changes in Board Composition, Journal of Law Economics and Organization, vol. 1, pp. 101-24.

vii.   Beasley, M. S. (1996). An empirical analysis of the relation between the board of director composition and financial statement fraud. Accounting Review, 443-465.

viii. Bhagat S, Black B (2002). The non-correlation between board independence and long- term firm performance, J. Corp. Law. 27: 231-274.

ix.     Black (2003). 'Does Corporate Governance Predict Firms' Market Values? Evidence from Korea', The J. Law, Econ. Organ. Vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 366-413.

x.       Bourne M, Mills J, Wilcox M, et al. (2000) Designing, implementing and updating performance measurement systems. International Journal of Operation & Production Management vol. 20: 754-771.

xi.     Brown L, Caylor M (2006). “Corporate governance and firm valuation”, J Acc Public Policy 25:409–434

xii.   Brown LD, Caylor ML (2005). “Corporate Governance and Firm Operating Performance” (Online) http://ssrn.com/abstract=586423 (21 January 2006)

xiii. Brown LD, Robinson JM, Caylor MC (2004). Corporate governance and firm performance. http://www.issproxy.com/pdf/corporate governance.

xiv. Bryan, D., Liu, C., & Tiras, S. L. (2004). The Influence of Independent and Effective Audit Committees on

xv.   Earnings Quality. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.488082

xvi. Cadbury A (1992). Report on the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance, Gee, London.

xvii.  Campion A, C Frankiewicz (1999). “Guidelines for the Effective Governance of Microfinance Institutions”, MicroFinance Network, Occasional Paper, no 3.

xviii.  Carline NF, Linn SC, Yadav V (2002). "The Influence of Managerial Ownership on the Real Gains in Corporate Mergers and Market Revaluation of Merger Partners: Empirical Evidence." Working Paper.

xix. Cohen, J. R., Gaynor, L. M., Krishnamoorthy, G., & Wright, A. M. (2011). The impact on auditor judgments of

xx.   CEO influence on audit committee independence. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 30(4), 129-147.

xxi. Coles, J., Daniel, N., & Naveen, L. (2008). Boards: Does one size fit all?. Journal of Financial Economics, 87(2), 329–356.

xxii.  Daily, C. M. & Dollinger, M. J. (1992). An empirical examination of ownership structure in family and professionally managed firms. Family Business Review. 5/2: 11-34.

xxiii.  Denis, D. J., & Sarin, A. (1997). Ownership Structure and Top Executive Turnover. Journal of Financial

xxiv.  Economics, 45(2), 193-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(97)00016-0

xxv.  DeZoort, F., Hermanson, D., Archambeault, D., & Reed, S. (2002). Audit Committees Effectiveness: A Synthesis of the Empirical Audit Committee Literature. Journal of Accounting Literature, 21, 38-75.

xxvi. Dwivedi, N., & Jain, A. K. (2005). Corporate Governance and Performance of Indian Firms: The Effect of Board Size and Ownership. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 17(3), 161–172. 

xxvii. Ehikioya, B.I. (2009). Corporate governance structure and firm performance in developing economies: evidence from Nigeria. Corporate Governance 9(3):231-243

xxviii.  Eisenberg T, Sundgren S, Wells M (1998). Larger board size and decreasing firm value in small firms, J. Finan. Econ., 48: 35-54.

xxix.   Evans, D. S. (1987a). The relationships between firm growth, size and age: Estimates for 100 manufacturing industries. Journal of Industrial Economics. 35/4: 567-581.

xxx.  Fooladi, M. (2011).Corporate Governance and Firm Performance.International Conference on Sociality and Economics Development,IPEDR vol.10,IACSIT Press, Singapore, 484489.

xxxi.   Gorriz, C. G. and Fumas, V. S. (1996). Ownership structure and firm performance: Some empirical evidence from Spain. Managerial and Decision Economics. 17/6: 575-586.

xxxii. Guo, Z. & Kumara, U. (2012).Corporate governance and firm performance of listed firms in Sri Lanka. J. Soc. Behav. Sci. 40:664-667.

xxxiii. Hermalin BE, MS Weisbach (2002). “The effects of board composition and direct incentives on firm performance”. Financial Management, winter: 101–12.

xxxiv.  Jensen MC (1986). “Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers.” Am. Econ. Rev., 76: 323-329

xxxv.   Jensen MC (1993). “The Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, and the Failure of Internal Control Systems.” J. Fin., 48: 831-880

xxxvi.   Jensen MC, WH Meckling (1976). Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure, J. Finan. Econ., 2: 305-360.

xxxvii. Kiel, GC. & Nicholson, GJ. (2003), Board Composition and Corporate Performance: How the Australian Experience Informs Contrasting Theories of Corporate Governance, Corporate Governance, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. (189-205).

xxxviii. Klein A (2002). “Firm performance and board committee structure”.J. Law and Econ. 41: 275–303.

xxxix.  Klein A (2002). Audit committee, board of director characteristics and earnings management, J. Account. Econ., 33: 375- 400.

xl.     Kyereboah-Coleman, A., & Biekpe, N. (2006). The link between corporate governance and performance of the non-traditional export sector: Evidence from Ghana. Corporate Governance Journal, 6(5), 609-623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14720700610706090

xli.   Kyereboah-Coleman, A. (2008). Corporate governance and firm performance in Africa: A dynamic panel data analysis. Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 32(2), 1-24.

xlii. Lipton, M., and Lorsch, J. (1992). A Modest Proposal for Improved Corporate Governance. Business Lawyer 48: pp. 59-77.

xliii. Mak YT, Yuanto K (2003). “Board Size Really Matters: Further Evidence on the Negative Relationship between Board Size and Firm Value”, Pulses by Singapore Stock Exchange.

xliv.  Mak Y, Kusnadi Y (2005). Size really matters: further evidence on the negative relationship between board size and firm value, Pacific Basin Finan. J., 13: 301-318.

xlv. Mangena, M., and Tauringana, V. (2008). Corporate boards, ownership structure and Firm performance in an environment of severe political and economic uncertainty. British Accounting Association Conference, April 2008, Blackpool.

xlvi.  Menon, K., & Williams, J. D. (1994). The use of audit committees for monitoring. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 13(2), 121-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4254(94)90016-7

xlvii.    Ming-Cheng W, Hsin-Chiang Lin I-Cheng, Lin Chun-FengLaI (2009). The Effects of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance.

xlviii.  Miwa, Y. and Ramseyer J.M. (2005) Who appoints them, what do they do? Evidence on outside directors from Japan, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 14, 299-336.

xlix.  Mohd Saleh, N., Mohd Iskandar, T., & Mohid Rahmat, M. (2007). Audit committee characteristics and earnings management: Evidence from Malaysia. Asian Review of Accounting, 15(2), 147-163.

l.        Neely A, Gregory M, and Platts K (1995) Performance measurement system design, a literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Operations & Productions Management, 15: 80-116.

li.      Ntim C. G., Opong K. K., and Danbolt, J. (2011). The Value Relevance of Shareholder versus Stakeholder Corporate Governance Disclosure Policy Reforms in South Africa. Corporate Governance: An International Review, Forthcoming.

lii.    OECD, 2015. G20/OECD Principles of corporate governance. OECD Report to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors. September 2015. [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 25 October 2015].

liii.  OECD (2006). Methodology for Assessing the Implementation of the OECD Principles on Corporate Governance, Paris.

liv.   Povel, Paul, Raj Singh, and Andrew Winton, 2007. Booms, busts, and fraud. Review of Financial Studies 20, 1219-1254.

lv.     Sami, H., Wang, J. & Zhou, H. (2011). Corporate governance and operating performance of Chinese listed firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation 20(2): 106-114.

lvi.   Ujunwa, A. (2012). Board characteristics and the financial performance of Nigerian quoted firms. Corporate

lvii. Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 12(5), 656-674.

lviii. Vefeas, N. (1999a). Board Meeting Frequency and Firm Performance. Journal of Financial Economics 53: pp. 113-142.

lix.   Vefeas, N. (1999b). The Nature of Board Nominating Committees and Their Role in Corporate Governance. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 26:1&2. pp.199-225.

lx.     Velnampy, & Pratheepkanth. (2012). Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: A Study of Selected Listed

lxi.   Companies in Sri Lanka. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231590032

lxii. Velnampy, T. (2013). Corporate governance and firm performance: A study of Sri Lankan manufacturing companies. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(3), 228-235.

lxiii. Wang, Tracy Yue, Andrew Winton, and Xiaoyun Yu, 2010. Business conditions and corporate securities fraud: Evidence from IPOs. Journal of Finance 65, 2255‐2292.

lxiv.  Weir C, Laing D (1999). “The Governance- Performance Relationship: The Effects of Cadbury Compliance on UK Quoted Companies.” European Accounting Association Conference, Bordeaux.

lxv. Wolfensohn, J. D. (1998), A Battle for Corporate Honesty, the Economist: the World in 1999, Financial Times, 3-8.

lxvi.  Yasser, Q. R., Entebang, H. A., & Mansor, S. A. (2011). Corporate governance and firm performance in Pakistan:

lxvii.  The case of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE)-30. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 3(8), 482-491.

lxviii. Yasser, Qaiser Rafique (2011)."Corporate Governance and Performance (A Case Study for Pakistani Communication Sector)," International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance. 2/ 3: 204-211.

lxix.  Yermack D (1996). “Higher market value of companies with a small board of directors”, J. Financ. Econ. Vol.40, pp 185-212.

 

Cite this Article: