Factors Affecting the Performance of Women Entrepreneurship in Asian Developing Countries: An Overview of Pakistan:A Survey Approach
Author(s)
Mehtab Siddiqui , Ashique Ali Jhatial ,
Download Full PDF Pages: 41-52 | Views: 755 | Downloads: 254 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3613385
Abstract
The present study aims to identify the factors influencing performance on women entrepreneurs, especially in developing countries. Generally, in dominant male societies women suffer from occupational isolation and typically earn less money than their male counterparts due to the less education, knowledge, skills and lack of confidence. Various studies on constraints facing by women entrepreneurs have been conducted on a regional and national level with different perspectives. This article examines structural and cultural factors that affect the performance of women entrepreneurs and intended to fulfill the communication gap, in connection to insure institutional consistency towards women entrepreneurship. Based on the previous studies made by different schools of thought, a comprehensive and critical review was performed over on the concept of women entrepreneurship, in order to determine the challenges and constraints facing by women owned businesses. In addition, we recommend policy measures to concerned authorities to facilitate the women entrepreneurs that they can grow their business in a developing country like Pakistan.
Keywords
Performance, Constraints, Cultural Factors, Entrepreneurship, Business
References
i. Achtenhagen L. & F. Welter (2004). Media Discourse in Entrepreneurship Research. In H. Neergaard& J.P. Ulhoi (Eds.). Handbook of Qualitative Methods in Entrepreneurship Research.
ii. Akhunzada Z. U., M. K. Khattak and A. Ashraf (2014). Socio-Cultural Barriers to Empowerment: A Study of Working Women in Vocational Training Institutes of District Kohat. The Dialogue. X(2): 190-198.
iii. Ali A. H. and A. Y. Sheikh (2013). Challenges and Constraints Faced by Somali Women Entrepreneurs in Benadir Region. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. 5(2).
iv. Anwer M. U. and A. G. Rashid (2002). Female Entrepreneurs – A Review of the Literature and Proposed Conceptual Framework. Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Business Management.
v. Ayadurai S. (2003). An Insight into the Constraints Faced by Women Entrepreneurs in a War-Torn Area: Case Study of the Northeast of Sri Lanka. Asia Entrepreneurship Journal. pp. 1-13. Retrieved March 12, 2016, from http://www.asiaentrepreneurshipjournal.com/AJESVolIIIss1Malar.pdf
vi. Barr M. S. (2015). Minority and Women Entrepreneurs: Building Capital, Networks and Skills. The Hamilton Project, Discussion Paper.
vii. Boufeldja G. (2014). Social Change and Women Entrepreneurship in Algeria. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education. 1(2): 119-131.
viii. Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute. Report 2014
ix. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Report 2012.
x. Goheer N. A. (2003). Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan – How to Improve their Bargaining Power. ILO South Asia Advisory Team, New Delhi, Report.
xi. Kalim A. (2002). Women Entrepreneurship The Emerging Workforce in 21st Century: Turning Challenges into Opportunities. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Business Management. Innovative Educational Solutions, Lahore.
xii. Kamberidou I. (2013). Women Entrepreneurs: We Cannot Have Change Unless We Have Men in the Room. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 2(6).
xiii. Martinez I and T. Nguyen (2014). Using Information and Communication Technology to Support Women’s Entrepreneurship in Central and West Asia. International Publication. Cornell University ILR School.
xiv. Niethammer C. and Odebrecht (2013). Women, Entrepreneurship and the Opportunity to Promote Development and Business. The 2013 Brookings Blum Roundtable Policy Briefs, Enterprising Solutions: The Role of the Private Sector in Eradicating Global Poverty.
xv. Ombati V. and M. Ombati (2012). Gender Inequality in Education in Sub-Sahran Africa. Scientific Review. 12(128).
xvi. Osoro K., A. Mokoro, D. Nyamongo and J. Areba (2013). Constraints Facing Women Entrepreneurs in Kenya: A Case Study of Micro and Small EnterprisesinKisii Country. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 16 (6).
xvii. Rao S. T., G. T. Rao and M. P. Suri Ganesh ( 2012). Women Entrepreneurship in India (A Case Study in Andhra Pradesh). The Journal of Commerce. 3 (3).
xviii. Rathod M. K. (2014). A Study on Challenges and Constraints Faced by Female Entrepreneurs to Develop Business in Gujrat. Global Journal for Research Analysis. 3(8).
xix. Scott C. E. (1996). Why Women are Becoming Entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management. 24 (4): 37- 45.
xx. Siddiqui A. B. (2012). Problems Encountered by Women Entrepreneurs in India. International Journal of Applied Research and Studies. 1(2).
xxi. Singh A. D. and M. Raina (2013). Women Entrepreneurs in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research. 2(8).
xxii. Sladjana V., I. Dragan and V. Saveta (2012). Importance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises for the Development of Serbia during the Economic Crises. The First International Conference: Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship. 12-14 Dec. Belgrade Serbia.
xxiii. Sudarmanti R., S. V. Bauwel and C. Longman (2013). The Importance of Fieldwork Research to Reveal Women Entrepreneurs Competence in Communication. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education. 3(4): 74-87.
xxiv. Sumaira A., L. Madiha and W. M. Aslam (2013). Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs and their Impact on Working Efficiency of Women in Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 18(8).
xxv. Tambunan T. (2009). Women Entrepreneurship in Asian Developing Countries: Their Development and Main Constraints. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics. 1(2): 027-040.
xxvi. Tuladhar J. (1996). Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurship in Small Cottages Industries in Nepal, Opportunities and Constraints.
xxvii. United Nations Development Programme, UNDP GLOBAL PROGRAMME Report 2014-2017.
xxviii. Vaerio A., B. Parton and A. Robb (2014). Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programs Around the World – Dimensions for Success. World Bank Report. Retrieved March 22, 2016, from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/18031/9781464802027.pdf?sequence=1
xxix. Valerie K. (2012). Life as an Entrepreneur - Article. Retrieved March 15, 2016, from http://valerie145.rssing.com/chan-10074794/all_p1.html
xxx. Veena M. and N. Nagaraja (2013). Comparison of Male and Female Entrepreneurs – An Empirical Study. International J. of Engineering and Management Research. 3(6): 138-143.
xxxi. Vossenberg S. (2013). Women Entrepreneurship Promotion in Developing Countries: What explains the gender gap in entrepreneurship and how to close it? Working Paper No. 2013/08
xxxii. Wube M. C. (2010). Factors Affecting the Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Micro and Small Enterprises (The Case of Dessie Town). Bahir Dar University, Faculty of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Educational Planning and Management.
Cite this Article: